$4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Power Sharing Formula Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. /Width 371 Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. /Parent 2 0 R This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. %PDF-1.5 Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism 4 0 obj Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. Your email address will not be published. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. /Contents 4 0 R Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. |4-Iv To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. >> Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. s" Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. /F4 15 0 R Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. 1. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. >> As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Pls visit us again dear reader. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. endobj Historical experience 3.2 2. All rights reserved. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. It also decided that the Public . PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. 6 0 obj On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. Federalism in Nigeria. 7. ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview History of federal system of government in nigeria. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Federalism - Federal Features of Indian Constitution For UPSC! The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . /F3 12 0 R Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. Required fields are marked *. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The
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